REM sleep deprivation during 5 hours leads to an immediate REM sleep rebound and to suppression of non-REM sleep intensity

Nine healthy male subjects were deprived of REM sleep during the first 5 h after sleep onset. Afterwards recovery sleep was undisturbed. During the deprivation period the non-REM EEG power spectrum was reduced when compared to baseline for the frequencies up to 7 Hz, despite the fact that non-REM sleep was not experimentally disturbed. During the recovery interval a significant rebound of REM sleep was observed, which was only accompanied by a very slight increase of power in the lower non-REM EEG frequencies. In order to control for intermittent wakefulness, the same subjects were subjected to non-REM sleep interruption during the first 5 h after sleep onset 2 weeks later. Again subsequent recovery sleep was undisturbed. The interventions resulted in a similar amount of wakefulness in both conditions. During the intervention period, the non-REM EEG power spectrum was only marginally reduced in the delta frequency range. REM sleep duration was only slightly reduced. During the recovery interval, however, a substantial increase in EEG power in the delta frequency range was noted, without notable changes in REM time. It is concluded that an increased pressure for REM sleep results in longer REM episodes and a reduced intensity of non-REM sleep.

Csillagfürtfajok növényvédelme

Az ökológiai adottságokhoz igazodó agrárszerkezetben a csillagfürtöket növénytani és élettani tulajdonságak a korszerû talajerô-gazdálkodás legperspektivikusabb növényeivé teszik. Termesztésük a gyenge termékenységû, savanyú talajú agroökológiai körzetekben mind agrár-környezetvédelmi, mind e térségek népességmegtartó képességének fokozása szempontjából kiemelkedô jelentôségû. Az édes csillagfürtök vetésterületének megfelelô növelése, a környezetkímélô talajerô-gazdálkodás megalapozása mellett, lényegesen enyhíthetnék a körzetek takarmánygondjait, elôsegítve ezzel a növénytermesztés és az állattenyésztés összhangjának megteremtését és ezen keresztül a fenntartható mezôgazdasági termelés kialakítását. Tekintettel arra, hogy hazánkban mintegy 2,0–2,4 millió hektár savanyú kémhatású, gyenge termékenységû talaj van, az édes csillagfürtök jelentôsége lényegesen nagyobb annál, mint amennyire napjainkban elterjedt. Érdemes lenne – még külön kiemelt támogatással is – fokozni a termelési kedvet. A haladó világ ugyanis egyre nagyobb figyelmet fordít az édescsillag fürt-magra mint a génmódosított (GM) szója helyettesítésére kiválóan alkalmas növényifehérje-forrásra. Nem csak takarmánynak, hanem a funkcionális élelmiszerek értékes alkotóelemeként is. A közelmúltig hazánkban a csillagfürtfajok termesztése növényvédelmi szempontból nem jelentett problémát. A gyomirtáson kívül sem a kórokozók, sem a kártevôk nem léptek fel olyan mértékben, hogy kémiai védekezésre szükség lett volna. Ebbôl adódik, hogy a csillagfürtfajokra alig vannak engedélyezett növényvédô szerek (fungicidek, inszekticidek). Tapasztalataink alap ján – eseti engedély megszerzésével – ajánlunk készítményeket, ezeket a 3. táblázatban külön megjelöltük. 2004-tôl megváltozott a helyzet, amikor a fehérvirágú csillagfürtben (Lupinus albus L.) fellépett új kórokozó gombák, a Colletotrichum gloeosporioides és a C. acutatum járványos mértéket öltve a vetésterület jelentôs részén a teljes növényállományt kipusztították. 2006-ban a gombák megfertôzték a sárgavirágú (L. luteus L.) és a kékvirágú (L. angustifolius L.) csillagfürtfajokat is. A rezisztens fajták megjelenéséig fokozott figyelmet kell fordítani e kórokozók elleni növényvédelemre

Effects of substrate, ceramic thickness, translucency, and cement shade on the color of CAD/CAM lithium-disilicate crowns

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of substrate colors, different levels of ceramic thickness and translucency, and cement shades on the color difference from a reference color of lithium-disilicate crowns.A premolar tooth preparation was made on a study model for 1.0 and 1.5 mm thick full-ceramic crowns. Digital impressions were taken (3Shape TRIOS) and crowns designed in a CAD program (DentalDesigner). Shade A1 crowns were milled (Everest, Kavo) from high-translucency (HT) and low-translucency IPS e.max (Ivoclar Vivadent) blocks. Twelve substrates were made of different colors and materials (Natural Die Material, Co-Cr, zirconia, and gold-colored alloy). Three different shades of try-in pastes were used to simulate the effect of cements (Variolink Esthetic try-in paste; Ivoclar). Shade measurement was done three times for each crown by a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade Advance); averages were compared to a reference crown (A1, HT, 1.5 mm, ND2 abutment, neutral try-in paste) with ΔE00 (CIEDE2000, according to the CIE latest standard) calculated.All the examined parameters influenced the ΔE00 of the crowns. The weakest effect was exerted by the try-in paste.All examined parameters influenced the final color of e.max CAD lithium-disilicate ceramic crowns.Matching the shade of ceramic crowns to the natural tooth color is a great challenge in dentistry. To meet patients' increasing esthetical expectations, CAD/CAM methods are very popular for full-ceramic crowns. However, several factors such as the shade of the abutment, luting cement color, ceramic thickness, and translucency may influence the final color. Our objective was to measure the optical effect of these factors on the final shade of CAD/CAM lithium-disilicate ceramic crowns

Electron correlations in the antiproton energy-loss distribution in He

We present ab initio calculations of the electronic differential energy-transfer cross sections for antiprotons with energies between 3 keV and 1 MeV interacting with helium. By comparison with simulations employing the mean-field description based on the single-active electron approximation we are able to identify electron correlation effects in the stopping and straggling cross sections. Most remarkably, we find that straggling exceeds the celebrated Bohr straggling limit when correlated shake-up processes are included.The present paper was supported by Grants No. FWF-SFB049 (Nextlite), No. FWF-SFB041 (VICOM), No. WWTF MA14-002, Doctoral College Grant No. FWF-W1243 (Solids4Function), by the National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH) Grant No. KH 126886, and by the high performance computing resources of the Babeş-Bolyai University. J.F. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council under Grant No. ERC-2016-STG-714870 and by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spain) through a Ramón y Cajal grant. X.- M.T. was supported by a Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Grant No. JP16K05495) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Scienc

Correlation Between the Deuteron Characteristics and the Low-energy Triplet np Scattering Parameters

The correlation relationship between the deuteron asymptotic normalization constant, $A_{S}$, and the triplet np scattering length, $a_{t}$, is investigated. It is found that 99.7% of the asymptotic constant $A_{S}$ is determined by the scattering length $a_{t}$. It is shown that the linear correlation relationship between the quantities $A_{S}^{-2}$ and $1/a_{t}$ provides a good test of correctness of various models of nucleon-nucleon interaction. It is revealed that, for the normalization constant $A_{S}$ and for the root-mean-square deuteron radius $r_{d}$, the results obtained with the experimental value recommended at present for the triplet scattering length $a_{t}$ are exaggerated with respect to their experimental counterparts. By using the latest experimental phase shifts of Arndt et al., we obtain, for the low-energy scattering parameters ($a_{t}$, $r_{t}$, $P_{t}$) and for the deuteron characteristics ($A_{S}$, $r_{d}$), results that comply well with experimental data.Comment: 19 pages, 1 figure, To be published in Physics of Atomic Nucle